Anime Edition Amd Rx 5700 Xt
| Bandung | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| City of Bandung Kota Bandung | |
| Other transcription(southward) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ |
| From top, left to right: Bandung Skyline, Bandung Tour on Bus, Sabilulungan Tower, Alun-Alun Bandung with Grand Mosque of Bandung on background, Forepart view of Gedung Sate, Pasupati Bridge, and Cihampelas Walk | |
| Flag Glaze of arms | |
| Nicknames: Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) | |
| Motto(south): Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti | |
 | |
| Bandung Location in Java and Indonesia Evidence map of Java Bandung Bandung (Indonesia) Show map of Indonesia | |
| Coordinates: six°54′43″S 107°36′35″E / 6.9120°S 107.6097°E / -6.9120; 107.6097 Coordinates: 6°54′43″Southward 107°36′35″East / 6.9120°S 107.6097°East / -6.9120; 107.6097 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Province |  West Java |
| Founded | 25 September 1810[ane] |
| Incorporated (as gemeente) | ane April 1906[ane] |
| Authoritative division | xxx districts 153 urban villages |
| Government | |
| • Trunk | Bandung City Government |
| • Mayor | Yana Mulyana |
| Area | |
| • Total | 167.31 km2 (64.60 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 487 kmii (188 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,876.8 kmii (724.6 sq mi) |
| Summit | 768 k (2,520 ft) |
| Population (2020 Census[two]) | |
| • Total | 2,444,160 (fourth) |
| • Density | fourteen,609/km2 (37,840/sq mi) |
| • Urban [three] | vii,065,000 (2nd) |
| • Urban density | xiv,507/km2 (37,570/sq mi) |
| • Metro [iv] | 8,357,393 (2nd) |
| • Metro density | 4,453/km2 (xi,530/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | Bandungite Orang/Warga Bandung (id) Urang/Wargi Bandung (su) |
| Demographics | |
| •Ethnic groups | Sundanese (native) Javanese Batak Minahasa Minangkabau Chinese Arab Korean Indian |
| Fourth dimension zone | UTC+07:00 (Western Indonesia Time/W.I.B) |
| Postcodes | 401xx, 402xx, 406xx |
| Area code | (+62) 22 |
| Registration plate | D |
| Nominal GDP[5] | 2019 |
| - Total | Rp 289.3 trillion (3rd) $ 20.4 billion $ 67.3 billion (PPP) |
| - Per capita | Rp 115,382 thousand (11th) $ 8,160 $ 26,820 (PPP) |
| - Growth |  six.0% |
| HDI (2019) | 0.816 (12th) Very High |
| Largest commune by surface area | Gedebage – 9.58 square kilometres (3.70 sq mi) |
| Largest district by population | Babakan Ciparay (147,388 – 2015 est) |
| Website | bandung.go.id |
Bandung (; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈbandʊŋ]) is the majuscule city of the Indonesian province of West Coffee.[6] It has a population of 2,444,160 inside its city limits, making information technology the fourth well-nigh populous metropolis in Republic of indonesia. Greater Bandung is the country's third-largest metropolitan expanse, with over eight 1000000 inhabitants.[7] [4] Located 768 metres (two,520 feet) above sea level, the highest betoken in the Due north area with an altitude of 1,050 meters and the everyman in the S is 675 meters above sea level, approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-circular temperatures than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded past volcanic mountains that provides a natural defence system, which was the chief reason for the Dutch East Indies government'southward plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung.
The Dutch kickoff established tea plantations around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial majuscule Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early on 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the metropolis to be nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
After Indonesia alleged independence in 1945, the metropolis experienced ongoing evolution and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense sixteen,500 people/km2 (per square kilometre) metropolitan area with living infinite for over viii one thousand thousand people. New skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. Natural resource have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many bug (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic organisation resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it nevertheless attracts big numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability accolade for having the cleanest air amidst major cities in Asean.[viii] The city is also known as a Smart City, leveraging engineering science to improve government services and social media that alarm residents to bug such equally floods or traffic jams. Bandung is Republic of indonesia'south major engineering centre.[ix] [ten] The city is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, which it joined in 2015.[xi]
The first Asian-African Conference, the Bandung Briefing, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955. Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. To meliorate infrastructure, the construction of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed runway was started in 2016 and was projected to be completed in 2021. This was to be complemented by an indigenous type of Automated People Mover (APM) and Calorie-free Rails Transit (LRT).[12] [13] The new larger second airport, Bandung Kertajati International Aerodrome (KJT), opened in June 2018, just in fourth dimension for the 2018 Asian Games.
History [edit]
Gedung Merdeka (Independence Building) during the Asian-African Conference in 1955
The official name of the metropolis during the colonial Dutch East Indies menses was Bandoeng. The earliest reference to the area dates back to 1488, although archaeological findings suggest a type of Man erectus species had long previously lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and effectually the old lake of Bandung.[fourteen] During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) established plantations in the Bandung area. In 1786, a supply road connecting Batavia (now Djakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was constructed. In 1809, Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor and conqueror of much of Europe, including kingdom of the netherlands and its colonies, ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to improve the defensive systems of Coffee to protect against the British in India. Daendels congenital a road stretching approximately one,000 km (620 mi) from the west to the east coast of Java, passing through Bandung.[fifteen] [xvi] In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'Bang-up Postal service Road'), the present-twenty-four hours location of Jalan Asia-Afrika. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the Chief Administrator of the Bandung regency at that time, moved the office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place almost a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the urban center square (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the 1000 mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting identify) in the classical Sundanese orientation,[17] with the pendopo facing Tangkuban Perahu mount, which was believed to have a mystical ambience. In 1856, Bandung also became the capital of the Preanger Regencies Residency, which it would remain until 1925.
Coat of Artillery of Bandung during Dutch Colonial era, adopted in 1925
In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was completed,[18] boosting the light manufacture in Bandung. Chinese flocked into the city to assist run facilities, services and vendors. The surface area adjacent to the train station is notwithstanding recognisable equally the old Chinatown district. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality), and then twenty years later, stadsgemeente (city municipality).
Starting time of time the early on 1920s, the Dutch Eastward Indies government fabricated plans to move their capital from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial regime commenced construction of military barracks, the building housing the colonial Department of State-Endemic Enterprises (Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. However, this program was cut brusk by World War II, later on which the Dutch were not able to re-establish their colony due to the Indonesian Declaration of Independence.
The fertile expanse of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant.[19] With its libation elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an sectional European resort surface area.[20] Wealthy plantation owners visited the city on weekends, alluring ladies and business concern people from the majuscule, Batavia. Jalan Braga grew into a promenade street with cafés, restaurants and boutique shops. Two art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a clubhouse for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre.[18]
After Indonesian independence in 1945, Bandung was designated as the capital of Westward Java province. During the Indonesian National Revolution, some of the well-nigh massive battles occurred in and effectually Bandung. Dutch troops were most absent in Java at the end of Globe War Two. To assist the restoration of Dutch sovereignty, the British took a military hold on Java's major cities, and the British armed services commander ready an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern function of Bandung was deliberately set alight as the combatants left; an effect known as Bandung Lautan Api or the 'Bandung Sea of Fire'.[21]
In 1955, the start Asian-African Briefing, also known as the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno and attended past the heads of states representing xx-9 independent countries from Asia and Africa.[22] The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the one-time Concordia Society edifice. The conference announced ten points of declaration for the promotion of globe peace and opposition against colonialism and is known as the Declaration of Bandung. This was followed by a wave of nationalism and decolonisation movements around the globe which remapped world politics.[23] The conference was too the outset international briefing of people of colour in history.[24] In his volume The Colour Curtain, Richard Wright claims that there was an epic meaning to the conference for people of colour around the world.[24]
In 1987, the city boundary was expanded by the 'Greater Bandung' (Bandung Raya) plan, with the relocation of higher concentration development zones outside the urban center in an effort to dilute population density in the former city. During this development, the urban center core was oft uprooted, with old buildings torn downward, lot sizes regrouped and rezoned, changing idyllic residential areas to commercial zones with humming chain supermarkets, malls, banks and upscale developments.[twenty]
In 2005, an Asian-African Conference was partly held in Bandung, attended by world leaders including Indonesian President Susilo B. Yudhoyono, President of China Hu Jintao, Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh, President of S Africa Thabo Mbeki and President of Nigeria Obasanjo.[25]
Geography [edit]
Bandung Basin viewed from Gunung Batu in the north, Mount Malabar can be seen in the distance.
Bandung, the uppercase of West Java province, is located virtually 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast of Dki jakarta. Its height is 768 metres (2,520 ft) in a higher place sea level and is surrounded past up to 2,400 metres (vii,900 feet) loftier Belatedly Tertiary and Fourth volcanic terrain.[26] The 400 km2 flat of primal Bandung plainly is situated in the middle of 2,340.88 square kilometres (903.82 sq mi) wide of the Bandung Bowl; the bowl comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, role of Bandung Regency, part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency.[27] The basin's main river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from north to south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an essential source of water for drink water, irrigation, and fisheries, with its vi,147 million k3 (217.ane billion cu ft) of groundwater being a pregnant reservoir for the urban center.[27] The northern department of Bandung is hillier than other parts of the city, and the unique truncated apartment-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'upside-down gunkhole') can be seen from the metropolis to the northward. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile andisol soil in the due north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco, and coffee plantations. In the south and due east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river predominate.
Tea plantations in Ciwidey
Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as Mount Sunda, erected upwards to three,000–4,000 metres (9,800–13,100 anxiety) during the Pleistocene age.[28] Two large-scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin, and the second (est. 55,000 BCE) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known every bit "the Great Prehistoric Lake of Bandung".[29] The lake drained away; for reasons which are the subject of ongoing debate amidst geologists.[30] [31]
Climate [edit]
Bandung experiences tropical monsoon climate (Am) according to Köppen climate classification every bit the driest month precipitation total is beneath 60 millimetres (2.four in), bordering with subtropical highland climate (Cfb). The wettest month is February, with a precipitation total of 255.0 millimetres (x.04 in), while the driest month is September, with a precipitation full of 50.0 millimetres (ane.97 in). The average temperature throughout the year tends to exist cooler than most cities in Republic of indonesia due to the distance influence. The average temperature throughout the year only has footling variation due to its location virtually the equator.
| Climate data for Husein Sastranegara International Drome, Bandung, Westward Java, Republic of indonesia (temperature: 1972-1994, precipitation: 1957-1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | February | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | December | Year |
| Tape loftier °C (°F) | 32.2 (ninety.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.2 (90.0) | thirty.6 (87.1) | 31.1 (88.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | xxx.half dozen (87.ane) | 31.one (88.0) | 32.eight (91.0) | 34.iv (93.9) | 33.9 (93.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 34.4 (93.9) |
| Boilerplate high °C (°F) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.7 (eighty.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.viii (82.0) | 27.eight (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.ix (84.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.8 (82.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.iii (73.9) | 23.1 (73.half dozen) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.half-dozen (74.v) | 23.iii (73.ix) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.5 (72.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.three (73.ix) | 23.6 (74.five) | 23.iii (73.9) | 23.iii (73.9) | 23.2 (73.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | xix.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.four (66.ix) | 19.4 (66.9) | eighteen.9 (66.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.2 (63.0) | 17.8 (64.0) | 18.3 (64.ix) | eighteen.9 (66.0) | 19.iv (66.9) | 18.vi (65.five) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.6 (threescore.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 11.seven (53.1) | xi.1 (52.0) | 11.vii (53.1) | eleven.vii (53.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | xv.0 (59.0) | 11.1 (52.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 240.0 (9.45) | 255.0 (10.04) | 239.0 (9.41) | 143.0 (five.63) | 116.1 (4.57) | 102.ane (4.02) | 69.1 (2.72) | 56.ix (2.24) | 50.0 (1.97) | 151.one (5.95) | 200.9 (7.91) | 215.1 (8.47) | 1,838.three (72.38) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[32] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Bandung, Republic of indonesia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155 | 168 | 186 | 210 | 217 | 240 | 248 | 248 | 210 | 217 | 180 | 186 | 2,465 |
| Hateful daily sunshine hours | 5.0 | 6.0 | half dozen.0 | vii.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | eight.0 | eight.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | half-dozen.0 | vi.8 |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 12.5 | 12.iii | 12.1 | 12.0 | 11.8 | xi.seven | xi.8 | 11.9 | 12.one | 12.three | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.1 |
| Pct possible sunshine | xl | 49 | l | 58 | 59 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 58 | 57 | 48 | 48 | 56 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Source: Weather Atlas [33] | |||||||||||||
Environmental issues [edit]
The northward of the city serves equally a water reservoir for Bandung. Withal, the expanse has seen substantial residential development. Several attempts to protect this area have been made, including creating reserves such equally the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but evolution continues. Regular flooding in Bandung's s as well presents a real and unsafe ongoing problem.[34]
From mid-2005, Bandung faced another environmental disaster when the city'due south landfill site was reevaluated after a garbage slide 2005 which cached a village, Kampung Gajah, beneath information technology, killing over a hundred people.[35] The accumulation of 8,000 mthree/d (3,300 cu ft/ks) of domestic garbage causes astringent air pollution past local burning, the spread of affliction, and water contamination. The provincial government has failed in its attempts to solve the garbage event.[36] [37] Nevertheless, it was awarded in 1997 and 2015 as the least polluted metropolis in the state.[38] [39] Further, a regional laurels in 2017 was also given from ASEAN for the cleanest air among other major cities in Asean countries.[40]
Administrative divisions [edit]
Villages (kelurahan) of Bandung, with all villages in the same commune (kecamatan) having the same colour
City Subregions of Bandung
| Arcamanik Bojonagara Cibeunying | Gedébagé Karéés Kordon | Tegalega Ujungberung |
The city area in 1906 was xix.22 square kilometres (7.42 square miles), and past 1987, information technology had expanded to 167.2965 kmtwo.[41] The city administration is divided into xxx districts (kecamatan) and 153 villages (kelurahan). For development purposes, the 30 districts are grouped into 8 sub-urban center regions.[42] The sub-city regions of Bandung are Arcamanik, Cibeunying, Kerees, Kordon, Gedebage, Ujungberung, Bojonagara and Tegalega. The mayor (walikota) - Oded Muhammad Danial 2018 - leads the city administration. Since 2008, city residents have directly voted for a mayor; previously, mayors were nominated and selected past the city council - the Regional People'due south Representative Council (DPRD), which has 50 members. As of 2003, the total number of city assistants personnel was twenty,163.[41] [43]
Bandung City is divided into 30 districts[44] (kecamatan), listed below with their populations at the 2010 Census:[45]
|
|
Economic system [edit]
The urban center's economic system is mainly built upon tourism, business, creative industry, high-tech and manufacturing industries, educational institutions, technology, retail services, financial services, pharmaceutical companies, and food production.[25] The once serenity residential district of Dago has become an important business organisation and entertainment center with chic cafés and restaurants spread out along Jalan Dago. In the early 1990s, Jalan Cihampelas became a popular wear store location and remains so today.
Creative civilisation has shaped specific parts of the city's economy. Small businesses, known as "distro", sell non-trademarked products made by local designers. Typical distro products are books, indie label records, magazines, fashion products, and other accessories. Distros are popular with young people and distance themselves from manufacturing plant outlets in terms of philosophy. They arise from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while mill outlet products generally come up from large-scale garment factories.[46]
The city administration has agreed to essentially develop seven industrial and trade areas for Bandung speciality products.[47] These include Binong Jati Knitting Industrial and Merchandise Center, Cigondewah Material Trade Center, Cihampelas Jeans Merchandise Centre, Suci (T and Oblong) Shirt Industrial Center, Cibaduyut Shoes Industrial Center, Cibuntu Tofu and Tempeh Industrial Heart, Sukamulya Sukajadi Doll Industrial Center.
Demographics [edit]
In 2005, the population of Bandung was 2.two million people with a density of 13,693/km2 (35,465/sq mi).[48] The May 2010 census enumerated 2.39 one thousand thousand people.[49] Based on data from Statistics Indonesia, the population of Bandung in May 2020 was 2.44 million,[50] making Bandung the 4th most populous metropolis in Indonesia.
| Year | 2005 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,290,464 | 2,394,873 | 2,444,160 |
| Population density (per km2) | 13,660 | 14,283 | 14,609 |
The majority of Bandung'south population is of Sundanese descent. Javanese are the well-nigh significant minority and more often than not come from the central and the eastern parts of Coffee. Other minorities include Minang, Minahasan, Chinese, Batak, Malay, Korean, Indian, and Japanese. Bandung likewise possesses significant international communities compared with other Indonesian cities.
Culture [edit]
Bandung is a significant cultural hub in Indonesia. Most people in the surrounding province of West Java are ethnically Sundanese, with Sundanese often spoken equally a offset linguistic communication, and the standard and informal language for communication in streets, school, work, and markets. As in the rest of the state, standard Indonesian serves as the lingua franca and master language of government, business, media, and formal education.
Architecture [edit]
Bandung is home to numerous examples of Dutch colonial architecture, most notably the tropical Art Deco, dubbed New Indies Style. Henri Maclaine Pont was amongst the get-go Dutch architects to recognise the importance of combining each architectural style with local cultural traditions. He stressed that modern architecture should collaborate with local history and native elements.[51] In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the first technical university in the Dutch Due east Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the nowadays-24-hour interval Bandung Institute of Engineering). He was named a Professor of Architecture at the university. A striking local Sundanese roof manner is seen adorning the top of the campus' ceremonial hall and is embedded in his artwork.[51]
In the same twelvemonth, another Dutch builder J Gerber designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Regime Companies) in line with the colonial government's plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. The building is known as Gedung Sate, named after the distinguished pocket-size satay-shaped construction on the roof, and is today used as the head role of the Due west Java provincial government and Firm of Representatives. The building is an instance of a harmonious mixture between West and E architectural styles, particularly the Italian Renaissance style of curvation structures in the wings and pendopo-like structures usually plant in Java in the middle section.
Several Dutch architects who shaped the city landmarks the architectural blending of modern and native traditions. In the 1930s, Bandung became known as an architectural laboratory due to the many Dutch architects who experimented with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the streamline moderne fashion to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS banking company (1936) and renovating the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker was one of the architects who enormously added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarters (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925).[51]
Though Bandung is known for its many one-time Dutch architecture buildings, the city is recently going through a high-ascent building blast. At that place are more than 100 loftier ascent buildings in the urban center, and many more are nether construction or planned.[52] The following list includes buildings in Bandung that are completed or topped off and in a higher place 300 ft (91 chiliad).
| Proper name | Floors | Pinnacle m | Twelvemonth | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soetta Sky Park | xl | 162 | 2021 | The tallest building project, topping off 2020[53] |
| Galeri Cimbuleuit 2 | 36 | 141 | 2014 | At nowadays the tallest building in Bandung[53] |
| Parahyangan Residences A | 35 | 150 | 2016 | [54] |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Flat A | 32 | 121 | 2016 | [55] |
| Tamansari Panoramic Apartment | xxx | 115 | 2014 | [56] |
| Ibis Hotel Bandung | 24 | 111 | 2011 | |
| Newton The Hybrid Park Flat B | xxx | 110 | 2016 | |
| Harris Hotel Ciumbuleuit | 28 | 110 | 2014 | |
| Crowne Plaza Hotel | 21 | 109 | 2014 | |
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit III | xxx | 106 | 2016 | |
| The Trans Luxury Hotel | 20 | 102 | 2012 | |
| Newton Hybrid Park Iii | 26 | 102 | 2017 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment I | 25 | 100 | 2013 | [57] |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment 2 | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Flat Iii | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| The Jarrdin @Cihampelas Apartment IV | 25 | 101 | 2013 | |
| One thousand Asia Afrika Residence A | 24 | 100 | 2016 | [58] |
| M Asia Afrika Residence B | 24 | 100 | 2016 | |
| Gateway Apartment A | 23 | 91 | 2013 | |
| Gateway Flat B | 23 | 91 | 2012 | |
| Sudirman Suites Flat | 22 | |||
| Apartemen Galeri Ciumbuleuit | 22 | 2005 |
Panoramic view of central Bandung
Tourism [edit]
Bandung is a popular weekend destination for residents of Jakarta. The colder climate of the highland plantation area, diverseness of nutrient, less expensive manner shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the zoo, are some of the attractions of the city.[59] Bandung is also a popular shopping destination due to the cheap cloth and fashion products, particularly for Malaysian and Singaporean tourists.[60]
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores forth Jalan Cihampelas, which was transformed into a "jeans street". The urban center attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wares, equally they are cheaper than branded items.[61] Beside Jalan Cihampelas, many manufactory outlets also opened at Jalan Riau, Jalan Setiabudi, and Jalan Djuanda (known as Dago). Textile factories on the outskirts of Bandung have opened factory outlets on site selling what is marketed as sisa export (rejected or over-produced export quality items).[62] Trans Studio Mall, Bandung Indah Plaza, Cihampelas Walk, Paris Van Java Mall and 23 Paskal Shopping Center are among the popular shopping centres in Bandung.
Significant tourist sites nearly Bandung include the Tangkuban Prahu volcano crater to the due north, the Kawah Putih volcano lake, and Patenggang Lake, a lake surrounded by tea plantations virtually fifty kilometres (31 miles) to the southward of the city.
To view the Bandung Basin conspicuously in its mountain surroundings, visitors travel to the Bongkor protected forest surface area (kawasan hutan lindung), Saung Daweung and Arcamanik; to the slopes of West Manglayang Mountain in an area known as Caringin Tilu, with entry from Padasuka and Cicaheum to the n. The wood is located in ane,500 metres (iv,900 feet) above sea level and is covered with pine copse managed by a government corporation Perhutani and can be accessed with 30 minutes drive from downtown.[63] [64] Visitors going to the n of the metropolis also find Taman Hutan Raya Ir. H. Djuanda. The Cicaheum area also hosts Bukit Moko, a tourist spot famous for its views and its steel statue of a giant star chosen Puncak Bintang. Bandung has several museums that should be visited by tourists, such every bit the Geological Museum of Bandung, the Indonesia Postal Museum, Sri Baduga Museum, and the Asian-African Conference Museum.[ citation needed ] The urban center government operates Bandros, a tourist autobus, since 2014.[65]
Floating market where local foods, snacks and items similar clothing are carried by sellers on boats.
Sports [edit]
Bandung is the home of Persib Bandung, a professional football game club currently competing in the highest tier of Indonesian football, the Liga 1. Bandung is also home of Prawira Bandung (ex Garuda Bandung), a professional basketball game guild currently competes in the Indonesian Basketball game League, with its dwelling house games in the GOR Citra Loonshit. The roads leading up to Lembang and Dago are popular routes for mount cycling on weekends, equally Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda is zoned every bit machine-free on Sunday mornings.[66]
Other popular sports in Bandung include badminton and golf, with several golf courses surrounding the urban center.
Media [edit]
Bandung has several local daily newspapers, including Pikiran Rakyat, Galamedia, and Tribun Jabar. Several local television stations operate in Bandung, including TVRI Jawa Barat (a public regional station serving W Coffee, which headquartered in the metropolis), Bandung Tv, MQTV and PJTV. Many radio stations, such as Ardan FM, KLCBS, MQFM and OZ Radio, also circulate from Bandung.
The urban center of Bandung was featured in the 9th and 10th leg of the American reality serial The Amazing Race 23.
Transport [edit]
Road [edit]
Bandung can be accessed by highways from Djakarta. An intercity toll highway called Cipularang Toll Road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, was completed in May 2005 and is the fastest fashion to reach Bandung from the capital by road. Driving time is almost 1.v hours on average. There are three other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang road (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From cities farther east (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central Java province), Bandung tin can exist accessed through the primary provincial road. Indonesian National Road iii links Bandung with the balance of Coffee towards Cilegon and Ketapang (Banyuwangi).
The Pasupati Bridge was built to relieve traffic congestion in the city for due east–west transport. The 2.eight-kilometre (1.7 mi) cablevision-stayed bridge lies through the Cikapundung Valley. It is 30 to lx metres (98 to 197 feet) broad and, after extensive delays, information technology was finally completed in June 2005, post-obit financial investment from Kuwait.[67] The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-urban center highways program.
Bandung has two intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the due west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the eastward. Both are at full capacity and are to be replaced by a new terminal at Gedebage on fifteen hectares (37 acres) land, afterward which the quondam terminals will role as inner-city terminals. The new last volition be located next to the Gedebage railway station well-nigh Gedebage container dry port.[68]
Local public and mass transportation [edit]
Trans Metro Pasundan corridor 3 motorcoach stopping almost the City Hall
Taxis and Online ship are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by angkot minibuses (from angkutan, "transportation" and kota, "city"); angkot are privately operated and serve multiple routes throughout the urban center, and although cheap, they are considered basic and uncomfortable.[69] To find verbal angkot routes, passengers may expect for information available through the drivers or at terminals.
Due to the electric current extent of railway lines in Bandung, only 2 named regional railway services, Lokal Bandung Raya and Lokal Garut Cibatuan, are serving the metropolis, serving a single line. It catered for the suburban areas eastward and w of the city such as Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka, besides as some other neighbouring towns such as Garut and Purwakarta. KAI Driver took over the operations of both services from its mother company KAI in 2022, anticipating planned electrification of the route by Ministry of Transport.[70]
Public buses in Bandung and its surrounding urban area are operated past diverse operators, with a total 16 bus lines currently operating. DAMRI buses used to dominate as the main charabanc operator serving the city and its surrounding metropolitan expanse, first operating in the 1970s, with at some point operating more 10 routes. However, it complanate in Oct 2021, leaving 5 routes nonetheless operating.[71] [72] Following the example of TransJakarta, the metropolis government introduced its ain BRT organization chosen Trans Metro Bandung on 24 September 2009. By 2022 it served 5 trunk corridors and 1 feeder routes.[73] Both DAMRI and Trans Metro Bandung buses uses higher deck buses similar to TransJakarta, just could exist stopped anywhere along its road and do non run separately from traffic. Provincial government of West Coffee also operates a double-decker road called as Safe and Healthy Jitney Rapid Transit (shortened Buratas), serving only a single line.[74] As part of nationwide bus services modernisation program called as Teman Bus, a more disciplined organization branded as Trans Metro Pasundan was introduced by central regime's Ministry of Transportation in December 2021. 2 operators, Big Bird (role of Blue Bird Group) and DAMRI operated five routes inherited from former DAMRI routes under a contract with Ministry of Transport.[75] Introduction of new jitney routes in Bandung often faced resistance from angkots and so-chosen local patrons due to perception that their revenues being stolen, leading to blockades and exact threats against charabanc drivers.[76] [77] Due to fragmentation of brands and operators, passengers must pay again when transiting to other BRT lines or to other modes such equally trains.
A more comprehensive plan to revitalise the coach system will be implemented in 2024, extending from the Trans Metro Pasundan project. It would integrate all operators within a single system called BRT Bandung Raya, with proper Double-decker Rapid Transit features such equally dedicated lanes, frequent motorcoach availability and bus stops.[78] The planned organisation intended to employ electrical powered buses, both imported and locally produced.[79]
Bandung city government also operated a fleet of urban center tour buses called as Bandung Tour on Coach (shortened Bandros).
Boseh is a dock-based bicycle-sharing organization provided by the Transport Service (Dinas Perhubungan) of Bandung.[lxxx]
| System | Corridor No. | Origin and Destination | Type | Operational hours | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rail-based | |||||
| Bandung regional trains | B | Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka | Regional runway | 04.25-00.39 | Cash and Cashless: Rp. v.000,- |
| C | Purwakarta-Padalarang-Bandung-Cicalengka-Cibatu-Garut | ||||
| Omnibus lines | |||||
| Trans Metro Pasundan | K1D | Leuwi Panjang - Gading Tutuka (Soreang) (via Soroja Highway) | Bus rapid transit | 05.00-eighteen.00 | Cashless: Rp. 0,- |
| K2D | Kota Baru Parahyangan - Alun-Alun Bandung (Bandung Urban center Foursquare) | 05.00-19.30 | |||
| K3D | Baleendah - BEC | 04.thirty-20.00 | |||
| K4D | Leuwi Panjang - Dago | 05.00-xviii.00 | |||
| K5D | Dipatiukur - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | ||||
| Trans Metro Bandung | K1 | Cibiru - Cibeureum | Metropolis bus | 05.25-18.30 | Cash: Rp. 4.000,- Rp. two.000,- (students' rebate) |
| K2 | Cicaheum - Cibeureum | 05.25-xviii.45 | |||
| K3 | Cicaheum - Sarijadi | Autobus rapid transit | 05.25-19.00 | ||
| K4 | Antapani - Leuwi Panjang | City omnibus | 05.45-xviii.00 | ||
| K5 | Antapani - Stasiun Hall | 05.45-17.00 | |||
| K6F | Stasiun Hall - Gunung Batu | *TBA | |||
| DAMRI (Trans Bandung Raya) | D6A | Elang - Jatinangor (via Padaleunyi Highway) | Cash: Rp. 10.000,- | ||
| D8 | Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa | Greenbacks: Rp. 5.000,- (Tanjungsari - Cibiru, Cibiru - Kebon Kalapa) Rp. 10.000,- (Tanjungsari - Kebon Kalapa) | |||
| D11 | Cibiru - Cicaheum - Leuwi Panjang | Greenbacks: Rp. 6.000,- | |||
| DKBP | Alun-alun Bandung (Bandung City Square) - Kota Baru Parahyangan (via Pasteur Highway) | Greenbacks and Cashless: Rp. 10.000,- | |||
| Buratas | MJL | Leuwi Panjang - Majalaya | 06.00-14.00 (from Leuwi Panjang) 08.00-16.00 (from Majalaya) | Cash: Rp. v.000,- Rp. 0,- (seniors' rebate) | |
Air [edit]
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves directly domestic flights to Batam, Pekanbaru, Medan, Bandar Lampung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Banjarmasin, Makassar, and also international services to/from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The airdrome is located near the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground. The Kertajati International Airport in Majalengka Regency is built to replace the Husein Sastranegara Airport.[81] [82]
Railway [edit]
Bandung has two big railway stations, Bandung and Kiaracondong Stations. Other smaller stations are Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom, Cikudapateuh, and Gedebage Stations (but for freight service). Railway lines connect Bandung to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang, and Cikampek to the due west, and Surabaya, Malang, Yogyakarta, and Solo to the east.
Current and future development [edit]
Thirty-two bus shelters for Trans Metro Bandung (similar to TransJakarta) along Jalan Soekarno-Hatta were finished in August 2011 at the toll of Rp 13.1 billion ($ane.54 million). Thirty boosted buses joined the existing operation of 10 buses after all the shelters were finished.[83]
In 2012, phase-i of Bandung electric driver runway system was scheduled to exist congenital to connect Padalarang, Cimahi, Bandung, and Cicalengka with 13 Trans Metro Bandung bus corridors to serve every bit feeders. Phase-2 volition connect Cicalengka to Jatinangor.[84] As of today the system is all the same to build.
On 21 June 2011, Perum DAMRI launched two buses on the Cibiru-Kebon Kelapa especially for female person passengers only with female drivers.[85]
On 5 August 2011, Jusuf Kalla announced that he would like to build a monorail in Bandung with a value of Rp four trillion ($470 meg).[86]
As of April 2012[update], a cable car project 'Bandung Skybridge' to connect Pasteur (Cihampelas) to Sabuga (Taman Sari) was said to be 90% complete and awaiting legal authorisation to operate.[87] However, every bit of 2016[update], the project has still to exist realised. To ease Cihampelas traffic congestion, the urban center mayor, Ridwan Kamil inaugurated a skywalk for pedestrians merely from Cihampelas to Tamansari on 4 Feb 2017. The skywalk, named Teras Cihampelas, was built with a budget of Rp 45 billion.[88] Vehicles volition exist able to be parked at Tamansari.[89] The city has also announced an intention to build LRT (Light Rail Transit).
Bandung is planned to exist served by Djakarta-Bandung loftier-speed rail via its terminus in Tegalluar, located east of the city in Bandung Regency. Due to constraints, stations serving Bandung are neither within Bandung city eye nor the limits of Bandung city. Instead, a feeder service will ply between Padalarang HSR station and the main Bandung station, using existing tracks.
Teaching [edit]
Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is amongst the most popular destinations for instruction in Indonesia. There are hundreds of public and private schools in the metropolis and several state-funded and administered Junior Loftier Schools (SMP Negeri) and Country High Schools (SMA Negeri). At least sixteen universities—three of which are land-owned—and 45 professional person schools are scattered across the city. Education from social sciences and technology to tourism education can be institute at one of these universities.
Among the universities located in Bandung include Bandung Found of Technology (Institut Teknologi Bandung, ITB), Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran Academy), National Establish of Technology (Republic of indonesia) (Institut Teknologi Nasional), Parahyangan Catholic University, Universitas Islam Bandung, (Bandung Islamic University), Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian Academy), Universitas Islam Nusantara (Nusantara Islamic Academy), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesia University of Educational activity), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Universitas Pasundan (Pasundan University), Institut Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Institute of Technology), Politeknik Negeri Bandung (Bandung Country Polytechnic), and Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bandung (Bandung Found of Tourism), all being considered among the best universities in their corresponding fields of speciality in Indonesia. Established in 1920, ITB is Republic of indonesia'due south oldest and well-nigh prestigious technical academy. Universitas Pendidikan Republic of indonesia (formerly IKIP Bandung, established in 1954) Universitas Komputer Republic of indonesia (UNIKOM) is one of the kickoff institutions of higher education established after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the country. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be i of the best universities in the country in the fields of medicine, police, communication, and economics.
International schools are also bachelor in the city. They include the Bandung Alliance Intercultural School, Bandung Independent School, Bandung Japanese School, Bina Bangsa Schoolhouse Bandung, Bina Persada Schoolhouse, and Stamford Schoolhouse. In the due north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the simply observatory in Indonesia. Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the start international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published, and in 1959, the observatory was captivated as a part of the Section of Astronomy at the Bandung Institute of Technology.
Notable schools [edit]
- Trinitas Senior High Schoolhouse (1963)
- 3 State Senior Loftier School
Notable people [edit]
Sister cities [edit]
Bandung has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:
-
Almaty, Kazakhstan -
Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Federal republic of germany[90] -
Cotabato City, Philippines -
Fort Worth, Texas, Usa[91] -
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan -
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China -
Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia - Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia[92] [93]
- Liuzhou, Guangxi, Red china
-
Namur, Belgium[94] - Pekanbaru, Riau, Republic of indonesia
- Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia[95]
-
Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South korea -
Udon Thani, Udon Thani Province, Thailand - Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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External links [edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bandung.
-
Bandung travel guide from Wikivoyage - The official website of Bandung Government
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung,_West_Java
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